Hafr crimper or curler



(No Model.)

1. W. HEYSI NGER. HAIR GRIMPER 0R GURLER.

Patented Apr. 5, 1887.

L VVE/VTOR WITNESSES:

N. PETERS Fhnlu-Lilhagnphcr Washin ton. DV 0.

V UNITED STATES PATENT ()FFICE.

ISAAC XV. HEYSINGER, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVAh IA.

HAIR CRiMPER OR CURLER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 360,438, dated April 5,1887.

Application filed December 3, 1886. Serial No. 220,561.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ISAAC W. HEYsrNeER, of Philadelphia, in the countyof Philadelphia and State of Pennsylvania, have made a certain new anduseful Improvement in Hair Qnmpers or Curlers, of which the following isa full, clear, and exact description, reference being made to theaccompanying drawings,

which form a part of this specification, in which- Figure l is aperspective view of a'flat haircrimper embodying my invention, in whichthe core or body of the crimper is covered with a fabric braided overthe same. Fig. 2 is an end View of Fig. 1 enlarged. Fig. 3 is an endview of a hair-crimper embodying my invention, in which the coveringfabric is applied in a strip folded around the body of the crimper andsecured by a row of stitches along the seam thereof. Fig. 4 is aperspective view of Fig. 3 reduced in size; and Fig. 5 is a view of acrimper or curler embodying my invention, of a cylindrical form, andhaving two internal wires,the strip of covering fabric being stitcheddown to the body between the same.

The lettering in all the figures is uniform.

My invention relates to that class of hair crimpers or curlers in whicha covering of fabric is applied to an internal body of paper, felt, orother suitable material, and one or more soft-metal wires or strips, sothat the strand of hair to be crimped or curled being folded around thesaid crimper and the ends thereof bent down or pinched in under the samemay be worn nnperceived by others until such time as the crimper orcurler may be moved and the hair left in a crimped or curled condition.To secure these crimpers or curl ers in place, and to render theminvisible when in use, the covering fabric is made of suitable colors tomatch the hair with which the crimper or curler is to be used. Forinstance, with black hair a crimper having a cover of black fabric is tobe used, with brown hair one of a brown hair color, and forblonde-colored hair a blonde-colored covering. These covers aresometimes braided or otherwise attached to a core or body consisting ofa simple strip of soft metal of a size suitable for the purpose, andsometimes of a compound core consisting of a strip of wire and anadditional bulk of (N0 model.)

hemp, or of one or more strips of wire and one or more layers of paper,all of which are inclosed within the covering of fabric, which ispermanently attached to the inelosed body. In order to cover thisinelosed body, so as to prevent the contained material from showingthrough the interstices of the covering, and so defeat the prime objectof having the crimper match the hair in color so that it may be wornequally as well in public as in private, and by day as well as night,(in which it is an improvement upon the curl or crimping pa persformerly in use and which it has largely within, which is of simple wireand packing material, but the flexing of the cover be comes moredifficult in use, and at the ends where bent the flexnre opens thestrands of the fabric, and just at the points where it should not showat all the internal bull: is most visible. The ends, also, of thecrimper or curler where cut off show the color of the contained bodyandrender the article unsightly, and if the cover strips back from the endsat all, as it is quite likely to do in use, the inelosed body exposed atthe ends disfigures the crimper and renders it objectionable in use. Toavoid these defects, even partially, such crimpers are often embroideredover the ends or have their extremities fastened and covered by metaltips, which not only add to the expense of the crimper 0r curler, butwhen metal tips are used catch in the hair when drawn out from thetwisted strands, and areotherwise objectionable.

The object of my invention is to produce a hair crimper or curlercomposed of a softmetal wire or strip surrounded with a cover of hemp,paper, or other unwoven fabric, the whole covered with an outer coveringof woven or braided fabric, in which the unwoven fabric and the braidedor woven covering are dyed throughout, either together or separately, ofsubstantially the same color to match the color of the hair with whichthe crimper is to be used, so that when out into lengths suitable forcrimpers the ends thus cut shall exhibit a section substantially uniformin color without the use of metal tips or embroidery; and also, in acrimper so formed, of a compound core of soft metal with a papercovering and an outer cover of braided fabric to braid the outercovering with open meshes or reticulations, so that thelpaperbeneathfshallbe exposed through the said open worl ,both the braidedcovering and the paper beneath being stained or dyed substantially ofthe same color to correspond with the color of the hair,the whole beingcontinuously cemented together from end to end, andcompressed,preferably,between feed-rolls, so that the surface of thepaper shall be relatively embossed or raised into the reticulations ofthe braided covering, and thus increase the mutual adhesion of thecemented surfaces and also produce a figured surface of braid and paperof a uniform color.

Referring to the drawings, in Figs. 1 and 2 is shown one of my fiatcrimpers covered with a fabric of braid, such as is applied in anordinary braiding-machine. Thecrimpershown in these figures has a flatcross-section, and is composed of a central strip of soft non-elasticmetal,'D, to the sides of which are applied two strips of paper, 0 andC, over which is braided the cover B. These crinipers are made in longlengths, and are out off in sizes to suit, either before being preparedfor market or as may be desired in use. To prevent the braided cover Bfrom unrolling, the various parts are cemented together within thecovering B, and the covering is cemented to the body, all of which isusually accomplished by passing the body or the paper strips thereofthrough a pan of adhesive material and applying the braid immediatelyafterward. The strips of paper 0 O,being of a color not corresponding tothat of the braided cover B,and not corresponding to the differentcolors of the hair with which it is to be used, require the braidedcover B to be braided quite closely to prevent the said body fromshowing through the interstices of the braided covering, thus requiringa heavy coating of thread, and interfering to a considerable extent withthe bending of the crimper around the various small strands of hair ofwhich each crimp or curl is formed.

As the sole object of the covering B in these crimpers is to hold thedifferent parts of the body together, the paper body furnishing a softbody to bend the hair around, and prevent breaking the same, instead ofbraiding the cover B closely and concealing the paper body 0 and O andthe Wire D of the same, I form the braiding-covering B quite open, so asto leave meshes between the various strands of braid, through which thepaper 0 C of the body is clearly visible, and 1 use a paper dyed orcolored to conform to the color of the covering. WVhen rolled down bythe feed-rolls of the braiding-machine, the reticulated covering thusapplied makes a very pretty pattern on the crimper, and merges itselfinto the general color of the body, so that a crimper uniform in colorand more easily bent in use is produced at a considerable saving of costof material, as, instead of using braided thread triple in strand, I cannow use one of double or single strand, and increase the rapidity of myfeed-rolls in the braiding-machine, so that greater effectiveness issecured with one-half the quantity of thread. The paper of the body,when rolled down in the feed rolls, also becomes embossed between theopen strands of the braid, and the cement holds more securely than ifadhesion is only secured upon the undersurface of a closely-braidedfabric. As I use paper dyed throughout, the ends of the crimper cut offat any point will also show the same color of body and cover, and if thebraided cover strips back to some extent the utility of the crimper willnot be impaired, and the necessity for the use of metal or embroideredtips is done away with. In Fig. l the color shown is black, and thenames of the color for the braided cover B and the paper of the bodyOare both written in the figure. In Fig. 2 the corresponding color isblonde. In Fig. 4 the color of both parts is brown.

The open spaces above or below the metal strip in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, andbetween the layers of paper, disappear when rolled together between thefeed-rolls during the further process of manufacture, and the metalstrips are rolled into the body of the paper in great part oraltogether, so that the ends of crimper show a solid section, or onesubstantiall y so.

The crimper shown in Figs. 3 and 4 only differs from that hereinabovedescribed, in that, instead of having a covering, B, braided on, it ismade ofa strip of woven fabric folded around the body or core 0 O D, andthe seam thus formed is attached to the body by a longitudinal row ofstitches, It, passing entirelythrough the crimper, as shown, Fig. 3. Inthis form of crimper the use of cement is dispensed with. Two wires, D,may be used, and the row of stitches pass between them; or a broaderstrip of lead or other soft metal may have the stitched seam seweddirectly through the metal; or a light metal core may have its edgesfolded over and seamed down so as to hold the covering fabric. I in thisform use a woven fabric of exceedingly light and open texture and of{the cheapest kind, and produce an excellent, sightly, and durablecrimper, the interstices allowing the body to show through and give therequisite quality and uniformity of color both at the sides and at theends.

The curler shown in Fig. 5 is made substantially like the crimper, Fig.4, except that, instead of being flat in crosssection, so as to producea crimper-joint at each fold ofhair around the edges of the same, it isapproximately cylindrical, and is stitched through between two wires, Dand D, and has a body of hemp, paper, or other material of a color tocorrespond to that of the cover B, and shows through the meshes orinterstices of the same. The fabric which covers it is made open, andmay be braided over the body, as in Fig. 1, instead of folded andstitched. Instead of the the dyed paper to form the external surface ofthe crimper, all the parts being firmly secured to each other. The formsshown, however, will be found preferable, unless economy of expense isof the very first moment.

The paper which I prefer to use is a tough brown or blonde colored papermade especially for trunk-linings, calenderingpaper, and other purposeswhere toughness is neces sary, and appears almost like a smooth leather,and is produced very cheap, which I have dyed in the mill before beingformed into sheets or rolls. The strips are cut from the rolls of aproper width, and are then fed into the machine and covered, ashereinabove describedflhe wire or wires D D passing through with thepaper. Strong Manila paper, however, may be used, stained or dyed oftheproper color either before being sent from the paper-mill or afterward,as may be desired.

I am aware that ordinary Manila or other natural-colored paper has beenused with a braided covering in hair-crimpers, and that th1s paper hasbeen visible th rough the braided covering when not made sufficientlyclose, and at the ends when not protected by tips, and also that hemphas been used in like manner, and that hair crimpers and curlers havebeen made with two, three, or more coverings of braided fabric, closelywoven and of a scarlet color, to insure bulk and softness, and I do notbroadly claim the use of hemp or paper in a hair crimper or curler, witha more or less open covering of fabric, or duplicate layers or coveringsof similarly-applied fabric, but confine myself to the invention asherein shown, described, and claimed.

Having now described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure byLetters Patent, 1s

1. A hair crimper or curler having a body composed of a soft-metal wireand a covering of hemp, paper, or other unwoven fabric, dyed throughoutits entire thickness to correspond with the different colors of hairwith which it is to be worn, and a covering of woven or braided fabricsecured to the said body and corresponding in color with the same, theends of the said crimper when out off exhibiting a section substantiallyuniform in color without the use of metal tips or embroidery,substantially as and for the purposes described.

2. A hair-crimperhaving a compound body composed of a soft-metal center,one or more layers of paper, and a braided covering cemented to the saidpaper from end to end, said covering being braided open 'so as to exposethe paper beneath, both braided covering and paper being stained or dyedof the same color to correspond with the color of the hair with which itis to be used, the said crimper being compressed and having the surfaceof the paper embossed or raised into the reticulatious of the saidopen-work braided covering, and exhibiting a figured surface of paperand braid of uniform color, and increased adhesion of the said cement,substantially as described.

ISAAC W. HEYSINGER. \Vitnesses:

M. B. FENNINGER, J. L. HEYsINeER.

